"Acute lung injury following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is ubiquitous, widely variable in clinical acuity, and multifactorial. The characteristic pathophysiology includes injury to the alveolar-capillary membrane, increased permeability, and pulmonary edema. The lungs are unique in that they are both a source and a target of the inflammatory response to CPB," Dr. Christina Phelps (Columbus/USA) reports (in the new textbook Extracorporeal Circulation in Theory and Practice).