This book presents new data on trafficking in human beings for organ removal, collected under the auspices of the EU-funded project ‘combating trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal’ (The HOTT Project) between 2012 and 2015. The book starts with a comprehensive literature review of the crime (Chapter I). This is followed by an empirical interview study on patients who purchased kidney transplants abroad (Chapter II), a study of prosecuted criminal cases (Chapter III), recommendations to improve non-legislative responses to the crime (Chapter IV) and finally, indicators for law enforcement, transplant professionals and victim support workers to identify the crime (Chapter V).